Problem child 1990 bad parents make bad children
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No longer was the accoutrement of an individual family festival, the festive tree now the ornament of collective celebration.Īt some real-life parties, children would be given ‘practical toys’, such as miniature telephones, that were considered to offer training for their future careers. Towering firs, were obtained by institutions such as work collectives and trade unions, as well as Pioneer palaces, where the tree formed the centerpiece of children’s parties attended by adults dressed up as Grandfather Frost (a suitably secular version of St Nicholas) and his glamorous female companion the Snow Maiden. Traditional Christmas festivities were renamed ‘New Year’ festivities, and brought forward from 6 January to New Year’s Day. 1935, the ban on trees was suddenly overturned (it is generally thought that Pavel Postyshev was behind this reform, as he was with parties for prize pupils). Nevertheless, acquisition by children of material goods was considered licit, particularly if these arrived in the form of gifts, as at the ritual of the ‘New Year Tree’.
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A publicity shot of the opening, which showed ‘Pioneer activists’ from the nearby palace staring admiringly at a window display containing no more than statues and flower arrangements, set the tone: mere acquisition was the very least of the stores functions. But the point was that this was supposed to be a paradisiacal venue, one where the perfect happiness of Soviet childhood was demonstrated and enacted. The emphasis on secondary facilities was just as well, given that the contents of the store (as with other Soviet department stores) comprised a strictly limited selection of shoddily crafted items. The store was meant as a leisure venue as much as, or more than, a place where purchases could be made: it contained a hairdresser and a cafe as well as various departments for clothes, games, and toys, and was planned to have rooms where children could try out games, photographic equipment, and musical instruments alongside the facilities for sale. The first dedicated department store for Soviet children, with the pre-revolutionary name Children’s World, opened in Leningrad in August 1936.